Sweden and the Holocaust

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There are many connections between Sweden and the Holocaust. These include Sweden’s relationship with Nazi Germany and how this influenced Sweden’s actions during the Second World War, and the fact that people who fled Nazi persecution or survived the Holocaust came to Sweden.

The White Buses

Discover the Swedish Red Cross Rescue Operation of 1945. Follow people’s stories through a digital timeline, personal accounts, and maps.

White Buses.
Portrait of Rozsi and Lazlo Hirschl.
Photo: Yad Vashem

Lost Voices

They survived the Holocaust and came to Sweden in the summer of 1945, but died shortly after their arrival. Who were they, and what can be told about their lives?

Group of people stand on a ship's deck looking up at the photographer. On the deck are also two white buses with Swedish flags and the red cross symbol.
Photo: K. W. Gullers, Nordiska museet (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Stories of survivors

Read about destinies from persecution to Sweden.

Reception and emergency hospitals in Sweden

The map shows places where Holocaust survivors were received and cared for at the end of World War II. Several survivors were sent directly to the Epidemic Hospital in Roslagstull as a result of the Nazis' actions. In the map you will find, in addition to epidemic hospitals, also emergency hospitals, reception and refugee camps and war hospitals.

Want to know more about people who came to Sweden? Go to Lost Voices

The map will be updated with more places.

There were hundreds of places in Sweden where former concentration camp prisoners came, from Skåne to Västernorrland. You can read about more emergency hospitals and reception places in the book Den medicinska spärren: smitta och gränsarbete i skuggan av Förintelsen (Makadam förlag, 2023).

Would you like to tell us about any of the places above or share something about other places that took in survivors? The museum is collecting stories and objects.

About Donations

Header photo: Detail of Lilli's and Walter's passports and other documents. Photo: Ola Myrin, Swedish Holocaust Museum/SHM.

Reference list

Britta Zetterström Geschwind, Markus Idvall, Fredrik Nilsson: Den medicinska spärren: smitta och gränsarbete i skuggan av Förintelsen (Makadam förlag, 2023).